Plowden (1967)

Notes on the text

Volume 1

(page numbers in brackets)

Preliminary pages (i-xxii)
Foreword, Membership, Contents

Part 1 Introduction
Chapter 1 (1-3)
Introduction

Part 2 The growth of the child
Chapter 2 (7-26)
The children: their growth and development

Part 3 The home, school and neighbourhood
Chapter 3 (29-36)
The children and their environment
Chapter 4 (37-49)
Participation by parents
Chapter 5 (50-68)
Educational Priority Areas
Chapter 6 (69-74)
Children of immigrants
Chapter 7 (75-94)
The health and social services and the school child

Part 4 The structure of primary education
Chapter 8 (97-115)
Primary education in the 1960s: its organisation and effectiveness
Chapter 9 (116-134)
Providing for children before compulsory education
Chapter 10 (135-152)
The ages and stages of primary education
Chapter 11 (153-157)
Selection for secondary education
Chapter 12 (158-166)
Continuity and consistency between the stages of education
Chapter 13 (167-173)
The size of primary schools
Chapter 14 (174-181)
Education in rural areas

Part 5 The children in the schools: curriculum and internal organisation
Chapter 15 (185-188)
The aims of primary education
Chapter 16 (189-202)
Children learning in school
Chapter 17 (203-261)
Aspects of the curriculum
Chapter 18 (262-265)
Aids to learning and to teaching
Chapter 19 (266-272)
The child in the school community
Chapter 20 (273-295)
How primary schools are organised
Chapter 21 (296-304)
Handicapped children in ordinary schools
Chapter 22 (305-308)
The education of gifted children

Part 6 The adults in the schools
Introduction (311-312)
The role of the teacher
Chapter 23 (313-323)
The staffing of schools
Chapter 24 (324-338)
The deployment of staff
Chapter 25 (339-367)
The training of primary school teachers
Chapter 26 (368-376)
The training of nursery assistants and teachers' aides

Part 7 Independent schools
Chapter 27 (379-386)
Independent primary schools

Part 8 Primary school buildings and equipment; status; and research
Chapter 28 (389-409)
Primary school buildings and equipment
Chapter 29 (410-422)
The status and government of primary education
Chapter 30 (423-427)
Research, innovation and the dissemination of information

Part 9 Conclusions and recommendations
Chapter 31 (431-459)
The costs and priorities of our recommendations
Chapter 32 (460-485)
Recommendations and conclusions

Notes (486-495)
Notes of reservation
Annex A (499-503)
A questionnaire to witnesses
Annex B (504-521)
List of witnesses
Annex C (522-536)
Visits made
Glossary (537-541)
Index (545-555)

Volume 2

Research and Surveys

Articles

about Plowden

The Plowden Report (1967)
Children and their Primary Schools

A Report of the Central Advisory Council for Education (England)

London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office 1967
© Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen's Printer for Scotland.

[page 504]

Association of Education Committees

Alderman J Wood, Past President.
Sir William Alexander, Secretary of the Association.
Mr BS Braithwaite, Chief Education Officer, East Sussex.
Mr SW Hobson, Chief Education Officer, Kingston upon Hull.
Dr F Lincoln Ralphs, Chief Education Officer, Norfolk.
Sir Lionel Russell, Chief Education Officer, Birmingham.
Mr W. G. Stone, Director of Education, Brighton.

Association of Municipal Corporations

Alderman A. Ballard, Vice-Chairman of the Education Committee of the Association.
Mr LJ Drew, Director of Education, Swansea.
Councillor JE Evans, Maidstone.
Alderman MA Lower, Oxford.
Mr KP Poole, Assistant Secretary of the Association.
Sir Lionel Russell, Chief Education Officer, Birmingham.
Alderman Mrs ME Sutton, South Shields.

County Councils Association

Sir Alan Lubbock, Vice-Chairman, Executive Council, Chairman of the Education Committee of the Association.
Mr ST Broad, County Education Officer, Hertfordshire.
Mr LWK Brown, Deputy Secretary of the Education Committee of the Association.
Mr JR Coxon, Vice-Chairman of the Education Committee of the Association.
Mr Mansel Williams, Director of Education, Caernarvonshire.

London County Council

Mr James Young, Chairman of the Education Committee.
Mrs Helen C Bentwich, Chairman of the Primary and Secondary Schools Sub-Committee.
Dr EWH Briault, Deputy Education Officer.
Mrs Irene Chaplin, Vice-Chairman of the General Purposes Sub-Committee.
Mr WF Houghton, Education Officer.
Lady Nathan, Vice-Chairman of the Education Committee and Chairman of the General Purposes Sub-Committee.
Dr LWH Payling, Chief Inspector

[page 505]

Association of Chief Education Officers

The late Mr H Oldman, President, Chief Education Officer, York.
Dr JJB Dempster, Honorary Secretary of the Association. Chief Education Officer, Southampton.
Mr WE Philip, Chief Education Officer, Devon.

Association of Education Officers

Mr CL Mellowes, President. Director of Education, Northumberland.
Mr JC Brooke, Honorary Secretary of the Association. County Education Officer, Worcestershire.
Mr AL Hutchinson, County Education Officer, Isle of Wight.
Mr EM Littlecott, Deputy County Education Officer, Hampshire.

Association of Teachers in Colleges and Departments of Education

Miss AM Dawson, Principal, Newton Park College of Education, Chairman of the Committee of the Association which prepared evidence for the CAC.
Dr AM Ross, Institute of Education, University of Exeter.
Mr LWG Sealey, Principal, North Bucks College of Education.
Miss HM Simpson, Honorary Secretary of the Association.

Conference of Institute Directors

Professor WAC Stewart, Chairman of the Conference of Institute Directors, Professor of Education, Institute of Education, University of Keele.
Professor WR Niblett, Director, Institute of Education, University of London.
Professor JW Tibbie, Director, Institute of Education, University of Leicester.

Conservative and Unionist Teachers' Association

Mr W Higgins, Chairman of the Association. Headmaster, South Charwood Secondary School.
Councillor K Double, Deputy Head, North Ealing Primary School.
Miss P Hookey, Vice-Chairman of the Association. Headmistress of Williams' Junior School.
Miss M Jackson, Past President, Nursery Schools Association. Supervisor of Nursery Education, City of Manchester.
Miss J Phillips, Deputy Head, Addison Primary School, London.

[page 506]

The Joint Four Secondary Associations

Miss MR Price, Chairman. Headmistress, Milham Ford School, Oxford.
Mr RR Pedley, Vice-Chairman. Headmaster, Chislehurst and Sidcup Grammar School, Sidcup, Kent.
Mr AWS Hutchings, Joint Honorary Secretary, Association of Assistant Masters.
Miss SD Wood, Joint Honorary Secretary, Association of Assistant Mistresses.

Association of Assistant Masters

Mr JW Gray, County Grammar School, Woking, Surrey.
Mr JWB Ruffle, Bishop Wordsworth's School, Salisbury, Wiltshire.

Association of Assistant Mistresses

Miss VM Richardson, North Kesteven Grammar School, North Hykeham, Lincoln.
Miss MA Richmond, The High School for Girls, Worthing Road, Horsham, Sussex.

Association of Head Masters

Mr TWH Holland, Reigate Grammar School, Reigate, Surrey.
Mr NH Evans, Senacre Secondary School, Maidstone, Kent.

Association of Head Mistresses

Miss RE Scargill, Girls' High School, Wolverhampton.
Miss JR Glover, Sutton High School, Sutton.

National Association of Schoolmasters

Mr AJ Smyth, President.
Mr TA Casey, General Secretary.
Mr RB Cooking, Vice-Chairman, Education Committee.
Mr LG Harris, Vice-President.
Mr JD Marsh, Assistant Secretary.
Mr B Morton, Member of Executive.
Mr ACE Waston, Chairman of Education Committee.

National Union of Teachers

Miss M Stewart, President.
Mr N Bagnall, Editor, The Teacher.
Mr MJC Clarke, Chairman of the Special School Advisory Committee.
Miss MG Fazey, Member of the Executive.
Mr D Gilbert, Chairman of the Education Committee.
Sir Ronald Gould, General Secretary.
Mr E Powell, Vice-Chairman of the Education Committee.
Mr MG Powell-Davies, Secretary of the Education Committee.
Mr RWE Wilkinson, Chairman of Primary Schools Advisory Committee.

[page 507]

Nursery School Association of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Miss DEM Gardner, Chairman, Nursery School Association. Head of Department of Child Development, Institute of Education, University of London.
Miss AA Babb, Head Teacher, Curzon Crescent Nursery School, Willesden.
Mrs N Britton, General Inspector of Infant and Nursery Education, Surrey.
Mr DK Daniels, Honorary Treasurer. Headmaster, Ulverley Junior School, Solihull.
Mr K Pickett, Chairman of Working Party which prepared the Association's evidence to the Council. Head of Department of Social Studies, North Western Polytechnic, London.

Socialist Education Association

Mr G Heaven.
Mr P Ibbotson.
Mr SC Lubin, General Secretary.

Confederation for the Advancement of State Education

Mrs S Caston.
Mrs M Gowing.
Mrs D Higgin.

Council for Training in Social Work

Miss GM Aves, formerly Chief Welfare Officer to the Ministry of Health. Governor of the National Institute for Training in Social Work.
Mr RC Wright, Chief Professional Adviser to the Council.

Educational Foundation for Visual Aids

Dr JA Harrison, Director.

Education Welfare Officers National Association

Mr RH Potter, President.
Mr FF Coombes, Honorary General Secretary.
Mr AR Millington, Treasurer.

English New Education Fellowship

Dr M Johnson, Chairman of the Fellowship, Research Fellow, Institute of Education, University of London.
Dr J Hemming, author, broadcaster, educational psychologist.
Miss JM Horsburgh, Head, Sherwood Primary School, Mitcham, Surrey.
Mr JF Porter, Past Chairman of the Fellowship, Vice-Principal, Coventry College of Education.
Miss GM Sharman, Head, Intake County Infants' School, Doncaster.

[page 508]

Fabian Society

Mr J Hall.
Mrs P Jay.
Mr N Morris.
Mr T Ponsonby, General Secretary.
Mrs S Williams, MP.

Home Tuition Scheme for Backward Readers

Mrs P Jay.
Mrs M Kamm.
Mrs M Spencer.

Independent Television Authority

Mr J Weltman, Education Officer.

National Association of Chief Education Welfare Officers

Mr C Wood, President.
Mr CM Tordoff, Honorary Secretary.
Mr HA White.

Standing Conference of Organisations of Social Workers

Mr D Jones, Chairman of the Standing Conference, Lecturer at the National Institute for Social Work Training.
Miss M Barnes, Honorary Secretary of the Standing Conference. General Secretary of the Association of Psychiatric Social Workers.
Miss P Hammond, Lecturer at the National Institute of Social Workers at the Denbigh Hospital for Nervous Cases.
Miss S Himmel, member of the General Purposes Committee of the Standing Conference. Probation Officer.

School Broacasting Council for the United Kingdom

Mr RC Steele, Secretary.
Mrs EC Mee, consultant on Primary Education.
Mr KV Bailey, Senior Education Officer.
Miss B Crispin, Assistant Senior Education Officer.

Trades Union Congress

Mr CTH Plant, member of the TUC General Council and General Education Committee.
Mr R Milsom, assistant, Education Department.
Mrs CM Patterson, member of the TUC General Council and General Education Committee.
Mr D Winnard, Secretary, Education Committee.

[page 509]

Miss GE Allen, Lecturer in Education, Froebel Educational Institute.
Miss PJ Ault, assistant teacher, Applecroft Primary School, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire.
Mr DGO Ayerst, formerly Her Majesty's Inspector of Schools.
Mr GR Baines, Head Teacher, Brize Norton Primary School, Oxfordshire.
Mr A Beales, Head Teacher, Yarborough County Primary School, Grimsby.
Mr B Bernstein, Institute of Education, University of London.
Mr E Blishen, author and broadcaster. Lecturer in Education, University of York.
Sir Alec Clegg, Education Officer, West Riding of Yorkshire.
Mr AT Collis, Faculty of Commerce and Social Science, University of Birmingham.
Mr JA Cutforth, Basil Blackwell and Mott Ltd.
Mr T Derrick, Lecturer in Education, Edgehill College of Education.
Miss A Dixon, former assistant primary school teacher.
Dr JWB Douglas, Medical Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science.
Mr JA Downing, Director, Reading Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London.
Professor BM Foss, Professor of Educational Psychology, Institute of Education, University of London.
Mr GC Freeland, Head Teacher, Mowacre Junior School, Leicester.
Miss DEM Gardner, Reader in Child Development, Institute of Education, University of London.
Miss JR Glover, Headmistress, Sutton High School.
Mrs DM Glynn, Senior Lecturer in Education, Nottingham Training College of Education.
Dr RJ Goldman, Senior Lecturer in Educational Psychology, University of Reading.
Miss D Gould, Dartington College of Arts.
Mr JW Gray, assistant master, Woking Grammar School.
Miss JA Grimsley, Head Teacher, Four Oaks County Junior School, Sutton Coldfield.
Dr J Hemming, author, broadcaster and educational psychologist.
Mr DGE Hurd, Headmaster, John Mason High School, Abingdon, Berkshire.
Mr N Isaacs, author.
Mrs M Jeffreys, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
Mr D King, Modern Languages Adviser, East Riding of Yorkshire.
Mr E Linfield, Senior Lecturer in Education, Newton Park College of Education.
Dr K Lovell, Lecturer, Institute of Education, University of Leeds.
Mrs J Lunn, Research Officer, National Foundation for Educational Research.

[page 510]

Mr GW Miller, London School of Economics and Political Science.
Mr PKC Millins, Principal, Edge Hill College of Education.
Mrs OM Milnes, Head Teacher, Swansdowne Infants School, Nottingham.
Miss B Mogford, Nuffield Foundation.
Professor Ben Morris, Director, Institute of Education, University of Bristol.
Dr JM Morris, Head of Reading Department, National Foundation for Educational Research.
Miss R Morton-Williams, Social Survey, Central Office of Information.
Mr L Moss, Social Survey, Central Office of Information.
Mr G Palmer, Head Teacher, Highbury Quadrant Junior School, London.
Mrs J Parker, Department of Social and Administrative Studies, University of Oxford.
Mr FL Penty, Head Teacher, Beeston Primary School, Leeds.
Professor R Peters, Professor of Philosophy of Education, Institute of Education, University of London.
Mr DA Pidgeon, Deputy Director, National Foundation for Educational Research.
Mr TC Powell, Head Teacher, Gig Mill County Junior School, Stourbridge, Worcestershire.
Miss VM Richardson, assistant mistress, North Kesteven Grammar School.
Mr JS Robinson, Headmaster, Hemel Hempstead Grammar School.
Miss MM Robson, Head Teacher, Hugh Myddleton Infant School, London.
Miss JM Ross, Medical Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science.
Dr W Roy, Headmaster, Stopeley Secondary School, Luton.
Miss RE Scargill, Girls' High School, Wolverhampton.
Dr B Simon, Editor <I>Forum</I>, Reader in Education, School of Education, University of Leicester.
Mr A Spicer, Nuffield Foundation.
Dr DH Stott, Lecturer in Psychology, University of Glasgow.
Mrs A Swain, Architect, Ministry of Housing and Local Government.
Mr RFA Tanner, formerly Her Majesty's Inspector of Schools.
Professor JW Tibbie, Director, School of Education, University of Leicester.
Mr NC Tyack, Headmaster, Willenhall Comprehensive School, Staffordshire.
Mr J Vaizey, Fellow, Worcester College, Oxford.
Professor PE Vernon, Professor, Institute of Education, University of London.
Dr WD Wall, Director, National Foundation for Educational Research.
Professor FW Warburton, Professor, School of Education, University of Manchester.
Mr FR Wastnedge, Nuffield Foundation.
Mr WL White, Head Teacher, Connaught Junior Boys' School, Bristol.
Mrs DE Whittaker, Advisory Teacher for Mathematics, Nottingham.

[page 511]

Mr RE Williams, Institute of Education, University of London. formerly Chief Inspector for Teaching Training, Ministry of Education.
Professor S Wiseman, Director, School of Education, University of Manchester.

Religious Education in Primary Schools

The Council also wishes to record its gratitude to:
The Most Reverend GA Beck, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Liverpool.
The Right Reverend RP Wilson, Bishop of Chichester.
Dr K Bliss, General Secretary, Church of England Board of Education.
The Reverend J Huxtable, Secretary, Congregational Union of Great Britain.
who joined them for a discussion on Religious Education.

The members of the Department of Education and Science and HM Inspectors listed below gave oral evidence. Some also submitted papers. Other government departments, notably the Ministry of Health, the Home Office and the Ministry of Housing and Local Government provided information at our request.

Miss EE Biggs, HMI.
Mr JD Brierley.
Mr P Burns, HMI.
Mr LJ Burrows, HMI.
Mr CE Cave, HMI.
Miss D Clark, HMI.
Mr L Clark, HMI.
Miss MB Crowley.
Mr HO Dovey.
Mr HJ Edwards, HMI.
Mr WR Elliott, HMI.
Mr JFE Embling.
Mr LF Ennever, HMI.
Miss R Foster, formerly Her Majesty's Inspector of Schools.
Mr CJ Gill, HMI.
Mr JH Goldsmith, HMI.
The late Miss VL Gray, HMI.
Miss JM Grinham.
Miss WP Harte.
Mr MJG Hearley, HMI.
Mr DAC Heigham.
Dr JN Horne.

[page 512]

Mr JW Horton, HMI.
Mr R Hewlett.
Mr JA Hudson.
Mr JR Jameson.
Miss ME Johnston, HMI.
Mr ARM Maxwell-Hyslop.
Mr DL Medd.
Mr DH Morrell.
Mr JW Morris, HMI.
Mr PR Odgers.
Mr GF Peaker, formerly Her Majesty's Inspector of Schools.
Mr E Pearson, HMI.
Mr BC Peatey.
Mr WD Pile.
Mr OJE Pullen, HMI.
Mr DC Riddy, HMI.
Mr H Sagar, HMI.
Miss EM Sharman, HMI.
Mr EH Simpson.
Mr P Sloman.
Mr PH Taylor.
Mr WB Tudhope, HMI.
Mr AH Williams, HMI.
Mr EW Wilkinson, HMI.
Mr JW Withrington, HMI.

We also wish to acknowledge gratefully the expert help given by the staff of the Department of Education Library.

Association of Chief Education Officers
Association of Children's Officers
Association of Education Committees
Association of Education Officers
Association of Educational Psychologists
Association of Headmistresses of Preparatory Schools
Association of Municipal Corporations
Association for Special Education
Association of Teachers in Colleges and Departments of Education

[page 513]

British Association of Lecturers and Organisers of Physical Education
British Council of Churches
British Employers' Confederation
British Federation of University Women
British Humanist Association
British Psychological Society
Catholic Education Council
Catholic Teacher Federation
Child Development Society
Church of England Board of Education
College of Speech Therapists
Communist Party of Great Britain
Community Service Volunteers
Confederation for the Advancement of State Education
Conference of Institute Directors
Conservative and Unionist Teachers' Association
Co-operative College
Co-operative Women's Guild
Council for Children's Welfare
Council for Training in Social Work
Council for the Training of Health Visitors
County Councils' Association
Durham County Council
Eating Head Teachers' Association
Education Welfare Officers' National Association
English Association
English New Education Fellowship
Fabian Society
Federation of British Industries
Federation of Soroptimist Clubs of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Geographical Association
Headmasters' Conference
Health Visitors' Association
Historical Association
Incorporated Association of Preparatory Schools
Incorporated Society of Musicians
Independent Schools Association
Independent Television authority
Joint Four Secondary Associations
Kesteven College of Education Science Teachers' Conference
Kettering and District Association, National Union of Teachers
Kettering and District Head Teachers' Association
London County Council
London and Greater London Playing Fields Association

[page 514]

London Head Teachers' Association
Mathematical Association
Medical Commission on Accident Prevention Royal College of Surgeons
Medical Women's Federation (Cambridge Branch)
Montgomeryshire Education Committee
National Association for Mental Health
National Association for the Teaching of English
National Association of Chief Education Welfare Officers
National Association of Divisional Executives for Education
National Association of Governing Bodies of Aided Grammar Schools
National Association of Head Teachers
National Association of Inspectors of Schools and Educational Organisers
National Association of Labour Student Organisations
National Association of Schoolmasters
National Association of Tutors in Education and Health
National Board of Catholic Women
National Farmers' Union
National Federation of Parent/Teacher Associations
National Federation of Women's Institutes
National Froebel Foundation
National Marriage Guidance Council
National Playing Fields Association
National Rural Studies Association
National Secular Society
National Union of Students
National Union of Teachers
Nuffield Foundation
Nursery School Association
Physical Education Association
Pre-School Play Groups Association
Preston Education Committee
Publishers' Association
Rediffusion: Education Advisory Council
Research and Development Panel, Association of Teachers of Mathematics
Royal College of Nursing
Royal Institute of Chemistry
Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents
St Gabriel's College of Education, Camberwell
Salford Head Teachers' Association
Save the Children Fund
School Broadcasting Council for the United Kingdom
School Library Association
School Natural Science Society
Sheffield Head Teachers' Association

[page 515]

Socialist Education Association
Socialist Party of Great Britain
Society for Education through Art
Society for Italic Handwriting
Society of Assistants Teaching in Preparatory Schools
Society of British Esperantist Teachers
Society of Medical Officers of Health
Southwark Diocesan Catholic Parents' and Electors' Association
Standing Conference of Organisations of Social Workers
Standing Conference of Women's Organisations, York Branch
Tavistock Institute of Human Relations
Trades Union Congress
University of Leicester School of Education
University of Nottingham
Women's Group on Public Welfare
Workers' Educational Association

Mr MA Ascher, Senior Lecturer in Education, Avery Hill College of Education.
Miss M Atkinson, Principal, St Gabriel's College of Education.
Miss JB Bailey, Head Teacher, Chelwood Nursery School, London.
Dr RG Bannister, Consultant Neurologist.
Mr HR Bass, BEM, Assistant Teacher, Carlton Central Junior Mixed and Infant School, Nottingham.
Miss FD Batstone, Principal, Gipsy Hill College of Education.
Mr LG Bewsher, Senior Lecturer in Education, Trent Park College of Education.
Mrs M Blend, Parent and School Manager.
Miss D Bloor, Head Teacher, Blacon Infants School, Blacon, Cheshire.
Miss M Boydell, Inspector of Schools, Salford.
Mrs DR Bradbury, Head Teacher, Comberback Infants School, Northwich, Chester.
Mr FW Bramley, Head Teacher, Hessle CE Junior School, East Riding of Yorkshire.
Mr C Broad, Head Teacher, Durants School, Enfield.
Mr JB Brocklehurst, Lecturer in Education, University of Birmingham.
Mr GW Brown, Inspector of Schools, Cheshire.
Miss A Bullen, Head Teacher, Beech Nursery School, Aylesbury, Bucks.
Mr T Burgess, educational journalist
Mr ET Butcher, Head Teacher, Colne Valley Comprehensive School, West Riding of Yorkshire.
Miss NM Caine, Nursery Adviser, Birmingham.

[page 516]

Mr FCA Cammaerts, Principal, City of Leicester College of Education.
Mrs SW Cheetham, Lecturer, Poulton-le-Fylde College of Education.
Mr V Clark. Chief Education Officer, East Riding of Yorkshire.
Miss M Clark. Schools Adviser, Devon.
Miss JM Claxton, Head Teacher, Gifford Infants School, Middlesex.
Sir Alec Clegg, Chief Education Officer, West Riding of Yorkshire.
Professor Nevill Coghill, Merton Professor of English Literature, University of Oxford.
Miss MC Cockayne, Head Teacher, Chorlton Park Junior School, Manchester.
Mr JA Coe, Head Teacher, Lawford Mead Junior Mixed School, Chelmsford.
Dr WAL Collier, Medical Practitioner, Halstead, Essex.
Dr M Collis, Inspector of Schools, Kent.
Dr JB Coltham, Lecturer, Department of Education, University of Manchester.
Dr D Cook, Deputy Chief Education Officer, Devon.
Mr B Cousin, retired primary school teacher.
Very Revd K Cronin, Principal, St Mary's RC College of Education.
Mr J Cutforth, Basil Blackwell and Mott Ltd.
Miss F Digby, Head Teacher, Elizabeth Lansbury Nursery School, London.
Professor CH Dobinson, Department of Education, University of Leeds.
Mr HH Dorrell, parent, Maidenhead, Berks.
Mr JA Downing, Reading Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London.
Mrs A Drabble, Head Teacher, Vauxhall Junior School, London.
Professor EJR Eaglesham, Director, Department of Education, University of Durham.
Miss HM Edwards, Principal Lecturer, Margaret McMillan College of Education, Bradford.
Miss M Ellison, Primary Schools Adviser, Shropshire.
Sister M Eucharia, Head Teacher, St Aelred's RC Primary School, York.
Mr JJ Fairbairn, Senior Lecturer in Education, St John's College of Education, York.
Mrs W Fawcus, Senior Staff Tutor, Institute of Education, King's College, Newcastle.
Miss DO Fawell, Head Teacher, Pikes Lane Nursery School, Bolton, Lancashire.
Miss JGV Finch, Primary Schools Adviser, Shropshire.
Miss AE FitzJohn, Assistant Education Officer (Primary), East Suffolk.
Dr N France, Chief Educational Psychologist, Kent.
Miss BN Furneaux, Head Teacher, Kintore Way Nursery School, London.
Miss DEM Gardner, Reader in Child Development, Institute of Education, University of London.
Miss MA Gibbs, Vice-Principal, Southlands College of Education.

[page 517]

Miss DR Gilbert, Head Teacher, Cambridge Road Junior School, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire.
Miss M Glasgow, Director, Mary Glasgow Ltd.
Mrs DM Glynn, Senior Lecturer, Nottingham College of Education.
Miss ML Glynn Jones, Head Teacher, Ibstock Place School, Roehampton.
Dr RJ Goldman, Lecturer in Educational Psychology, University of Reading.
Miss IE Gregory, Primary Schools Inspector, Essex.
Miss G Greiner, Senior Lecturer in Education, Goldsmiths' College of Education.
Miss JA Grimsley, Head Teacher, Four Oaks Junior School, Sutton Coldfield.
Mr RM Groom, Head Teacher, John Hampden Junior Mixed and Infant School, Thame, Oxfordshire.
Miss EM Groves, Head Teacher, Springwell Junior School, Heston, Middlesex.
Mr D Hanff, Lecturer, Newton Park College of Education.
Mr J Haynes, Chief Education Officer, Kent.
Miss M Hennessy, St John the Evangelist School, London.
Mrs VR Hewitt, Assistant Teacher, Essex.
Mr P Heywood, Head Teacher, Morganwalk Junior Mixed and Infant School, Hertford.
Mr L Hinds, Stafford County Junior School, Eastbourne.
Miss EM Hitchfield, Lecturer, Froebel Educational Institute.
Mr RE Hodd, Chief Education Ofiicer, Blackpool.
Miss DK Horsley, Head Teacher, Greenacres Junior School, London.
Miss FH Horsley, Head Teacher, Denby Free Junior Mixed and Infant School, Derbyshire.
Mr EL Hughes, Head Teacher, Upton Junior Mixed and Infant School, Upton, Chester.
Mr JW Hunt, Head Teacher, Trosnant Junior School, Havant, Hampshire.
Lady Allen of Hurtwood, Chairman, London Adventure Playground Association.
Mrs M Hynds, Head Teacher, Vauxhall Infant School, London.
The late Mr N Isaacs, author.
Mr A James, Lecturer, Margaret McMUlan College of Education, Bradford.
Mr J Jeffery, Assistant Masters' Association, Methodist College, Belfast.
Mr TW John, Head Teacher, Tower Hill Junior Mixed School, Witney.
Mr J Johnston, Southall, Middlesex.
Mr HC Jones, Head Teacher, Cottingham Croxby County Primary School, East Riding of Yorkshire.
Dr ML Kellmer Pringle, Director, The National Bureau for Cooperation in Child Care.
Mrs NH Kemp, Nursery Schools Organiser, Berkshire.
Miss KM Kinder, Head Teacher, Cracoe-in-Rylstone, CE Primary School, Yorkshire.

[page 518]

Mr D King, Modern Languages Adviser, East Riding of Yorkshire.
Mr JC Kingsland, Headmaster, Cray Valley Technical High School, St Mary's Cray, Kent.
Mr RMT Kneebone, Headmaster, Beckfield Secondary Modern School, York.
Mrs EM Lawson, Lecturer, Nottingham College of Education.
Dr E Lawrence, formerly Director, The National Froebel Foundation.
Mr JF Leedham, Head Teacher, South Wigton Junior School, Leicester,
Mr SP Leigh, Head Teacher, Henry Whipple Junior School, Nottingham.
Mr HK Lewenhak, Head of Production, Westward Television.
Miss EG Linecar, Headmistress, Four Dwellings Secondary Girls' School, Birmingham.
Mr G Long, Head Teacher, Stradbrooke Junior Mixed School, Nottingham.
Dr K Lovell, Lecturer, Institute of Education, University of Leeds.
Mr N Loverdo, inventor of a new alphabet.
Miss RE Maguire, Public Health Nursery Officer, Ministry of Health.
Mr C Maiden, Headmaster, Windlesham House School, Washington, Sussex.
Mrs SM Marshall, Lecturer in Primary Education, Institute of Education, University of Sheffield.
Mr SC Mason, Director of Education, Leicestershire.
Mrs EC Mee, formerly Chief Inspector of Primary Education, Ministry of Education.
Mr RJO. Meyer, Headmaster, Millfield School, Street, Somerset.
Mr J. G. Millward, Headmaster, Ullenhall Junior Mixed School, Warks.
Miss E. Moorhouse, Primary Schools Adviser, Oxfordshire County Council.
Dr J. M. Morris, Head of the Reading Department, National Foundation for Educational Research.
Mrs D Munday, parent.
Miss MA Mycock, Vice Principal, Manchester Day College of Education.
Mr DJ Maclntyre, Assistant Education Officer, Cambridge (evidence submitted jointly with Mrs DJ Maclntyre).
Mr VG McCandless, Head Teacher, Mill Street Junior School, Crewe, Cheshire.
Mr J McCann, parent.
Miss FJC Mclnnes, Inspector of Schools, Worcestershire.
Dr KH Nahapiet, Principal, St Katherine's College of Education.
Mr K O'Brien, Head Teacher, Hilderthorpe County Junior School, Bridlington. East Riding of Yorkshire.
Mr WJ Osborne, Head of the Department of History, Newland Park College of Education.
Mr RM Parker, Deputy Director of Education, West Sussex.
Dr HJ Peake, Headmaster, Bilborough Grammar School, Nottingham.
Mrs CW Peneycad, Head Teacher, Colstons Junior Mixed School, Bristol.
Mrs M Perraton, Chairman, Havant and Waterloo Excepted District Education Committee.

[page 519]

Sir James Pitman, Director, Pitman's Publishing Company.
Mrs EB Pitt, Head Teacher, Bishopstoke Infant School, Eastleigh, Hampshire.
Mr TC Powell, Head Teacher, Gig Mill Junior Mixed School, Stourbridge, Worcestershire.
Mr G Price, Senior Lecturer in Education, Chorley Day College of Education.
Mr HH Pryce, Head Teacher, Deepdale Junior School, Preston.
Miss EM Puddephat, Principal, Rachel McMillan College of Education, London.
Mr AG Razzell, Head Teacher, De Lucy Junior School, London.
Mr WJ Reed, Head Teacher, Broadstairs CE Primary Boys School, Broadstairs.
Mrs E Reid, Head Teacher, Hilderthorpe County Infant School, Bridlington. East Riding of Yorkshire.
Miss BE Robbins, Head Teacher, Charles Lamb Infant School, London.
Miss MJ Roberts, Senior Lecturer in Education, Hobart Teachers' College, Tasmania.
Sister Rose, Headmistress, St Thomas More RC Secondary Modern School, Wigan, Lancashire.
Mr LC Schiller, formerly Her Majesty's Inspector of Schools.
Mr SS Segal, Chairman, Guild of Teachers of Backward Children.
Mr M Sheldon, Schools Music Adviser, Oxfordshire.
Mr P Slade, Drama Adviser, Birmingham.
Miss MM Smith, Lecturer, Institute of Education, University of Leeds.
Mr SJW Smith, Head Teacher, Broadstone Junior Mixed and Infant School, Poole, Dorset.
Miss ME Southam, Senior Tutor, Head of Department of Primary Education, University of London, Goldsmiths' College, New Cross, London.
Mr AE Sparrow, Assistant Teacher, Millfield School, Street, Somerset.
Mrs A Stallibrass, Superintendent of a Pre-School Playgroup, Croydon.
Mr PK Steel, Assistant Teacher, Fairlawn Primary School, London.
Professor WAC Stewart, Director, Institute of Education, University of Keele.
Mr WR Stirling, Headmaster, Burnt Mill Comprehensive School, Harlow, Essex.
Mr RW Stockdale, Lecturer, Darlington College of Education.
Dr DH Stott, Lecturer in Psychology, University of Glasgow.
Mr CH Stowasser, Teacher in Charge, Adjustment Class, Bassett Road, Camborne, Cornwall.
Mrs MH Stripe, Head Teacher, Wyborne Infant School, London.
Lady Stress, Inspector, Children's Department, Home Office.
Mr GH Sylvester, Chief Education Officer, Bristol.
Mr S Taylor, Lecturer in Modern Language Method, University of Reading.
Mr WT Telfer-Davey, Head Teacher, Galton and Lake Junior Mixed and Infant School, Shanklin, Isle of Wight.

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Mr RH Thompson, Head Teacher, Penshurst County Primary School, Hessle, East Riding of Yorkshire.
Miss J Tinton, Principal Lecturer in Education, Bordesley Day College of Education, Birmingham.
Professor JP Tuck, Department of Education, University of Newcastle.
Mr PR Unwin, Assistant Master, Yeovil School, Somerset.
Mr J Vaizey, Fellow, Worcester College, Oxford.
Professor PE Vernon, Professor of Educational Psychology, University of London Institute of Education.
Mr CB Viney, Head Teacher, Hawne County Primary Junior Mixed School, Halesowen.
Miss M Waddington, Lecturer, Institute of Education, University of London.
Professor FW Wagner, Director, Institute of Education, University of Southampton.
Miss M Walton, Head Teacher, Turncroft Nursery School, Darwen, Lancashire.
Mr R Wesley, Principal, Cheshire County College of Education.
Mr RH West, Principal Lecturer, Cheltenham St Paul's College of Education.
Mr JA Wheldon, Head Teacher, Huntington Junior Mixed and Infant School, Huntington, Chester.
Miss M Whitley, Principal, Neville's Cross College of Education, Durham.
Mrs DE Whittaker, Advisory Teacher for Mathematics, Nottingham.
Mr AM Wilkinson, Lecturer in Education, University of Birmingham.
Mr MD Wilson, Inspector, Special Education, Inner London Education authority.
Mr W Wilson, Deputy Head Teacher, St Mary's RC Junior Boys' School, London.
Miss MM Withers, formerly Her Majesty's Inspector of Schools.
Mr JL Womersley, Architect.
Mr F Woolaghan, Head Teacher, Elaine Junior Mixed and Infant School, Rochester, Kent.
Miss M Woollett, Headmistress, Doncaster Technical Grammar School for Girls.
Mr A Wright, Principal Lecturer, Department of History, College of St Matthias.

The Council was greatly helped by those who willingly provided manuscripts in advance of publication, or other material based on enquiry, in response to specific requests from the Council. We gratefully acknowledge help of this kind from the following: Dr Basil Bernstein, Professor WL Biyth, Miss IE Caspari, Mr CPR Clarke (Director of Education, Liverpool), Dr JWB Douglas (who produced data on several occasions), Dr G Hawkins, Dr PH Levin (Building Research Station), Dr Terence Moore, Mr JE Nesbitt, Professor JD Nisbet, Dr D Odlum, Professor RS Peters, members of the Pilkington Research Unit, University of Liverpool,

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Mr HW Pitt, Mrs J Tamburrini, Miss M Waddington, Dr W Warren, Mrs J Parris, Dr WD Wall and his colleagues at the National Foundation for Educational Research, who helped us in several ways, Dr J Grey Walter and Professor S Wiseman. Other research undertaken for the Council is acknowledged and reported in Volume 2 or at the appropriate place in the main report. We also sought and received advice on visits to be made abroad from Mr Nigel Grant, Mr Wright Miller and Miss M Waddington.